15
The rulers are said to exploit names, placing good names upon what is not good in order to bind humanity.
16
They seek to move free beings into slavery and preserve sacrificial systems that feed the lower powers.
17
The tractate contrasts animal sacrifice that ends in death with the human offering that, in its own theology, leads into life.
18
Before the Anointed, humanity is pictured as lacking the true bread suited to human beings; the perfect Human brings heavenly nourishment.
19
The rulers imagine themselves acting independently, yet Truth is said to be working secretly through and beyond them.