1
Intentional killing, reckless killing, negligent killing, accidental death, self-defense, and killing under coercion shall be distinguished.
2
Intent is inferred from words, weapon, manner, prior conduct, circumstances, and the natural consequences of the act; it shall not be presumed solely from rumor.
3
One who intentionally kills without lawful justification incurs the gravest liability.
4
Involuntary killing may require compensation, restriction, exile, penance, or other remedy according to the received system and the governing law.
5
Self-defense requires an actual or reasonably perceived unlawful threat and force proportionate to protection, not retaliation after danger has ended.
6
Those who aid, command, or conspire in homicide may share responsibility according to their participation.
7
Bodily injuries short of death require compensation or punishment proportionate to the harm and intent.
8
Spiritual penance is distinct from corporal or civil penalty; both may exist without being the same judgment.